The Medicago SymCEP7 hormone increases nodule number via shoots without compromising lateral root number

截形苜蓿 生物 根瘤菌 开枪 苜蓿 莲藕 根瘤 侧根 共生 点头因子 莲花 根毛 植物 细胞生物学 拟南芥 突变体 基因 生物化学 细菌 遗传学
作者
Ariel Ivanovici,Carole Laffont,Estíbaliz Larrainzar,Neha Patel,Courtney S Winning,Han-Chung Lee,Nijat Imin,Florian Frugier,Michael A. Djordjevic
出处
期刊:Plant Physiology [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:191 (3): 2012-2026 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1093/plphys/kiad012
摘要

Legumes acquire soil nutrients through nitrogen-fixing root nodules and lateral roots. To balance the costs and benefits of nodulation, legumes negatively control root nodule number by autoregulatory and hormonal pathways. How legumes simultaneously coordinate root nodule and lateral root development to procure nutrients remains poorly understood. In Medicago (Medicago truncatula), a subset of mature C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) hormones can systemically promote nodule number, but all CEP hormones tested to date negatively regulate lateral root number. Here we showed that Medicago CEP7 produces a mature peptide, SymCEP7, that promotes nodulation from the shoot without compromising lateral root number. Rhizobial inoculation induced CEP7 in the susceptible root nodulation zone in a Nod factor-dependent manner, and, in contrast to other CEP genes, its transcription level was elevated in the ethylene signaling mutant sickle. Using mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy and expression analysis, we demonstrated that SymCEP7 activity requires the COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 receptor and activates the shoot-to-root systemic effector, miR2111. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 rapidly promoted nodule number in the pM to nM range at concentrations up to five orders of magnitude lower than effects mediated by root-applied SymCEP7. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 also promoted nodule number in White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Lotus (Lotus japonicus), which suggests that this biological function may be evolutionarily conserved. We propose that SymCEP7 acts in the Medicago shoot to counter balance the autoregulation pathways induced rapidly by rhizobia to enable nodulation without compromising lateral root growth, thus promoting the acquisition of nutrients other than nitrogen to support their growth.
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