Correlation between Metabolic Rate and Salinity Tolerance and Metabolic Response to Salinity in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The metabolic rate could be one of the factors affecting the salinity tolerance capacity of fish. Experiment I tested whether metabolic rates correlate with the upper salinity tolerance limit among individual grass carp by daily increasing salinity (1 g kg-1 day-1). The feeding dropped sharply as the salinity reached 10 g kg-1 and ceased when salinities exceeded 11 g kg-1. The ventilation frequency decreased weakly as salinity increased from 0 to 12 g kg-1 and then increased rapidly as salinity reached 14 g kg-1. The fish survived at salinities lower than 14 g kg-1, and all fish died when salinity reached 17 g kg-1. The upper salinity tolerance limit was not correlated with metabolic rates. Therefore, a lower metabolic rate may not necessarily allow for better salinity tolerance capacity. Experiment II tested how different salinities (0, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 g kg-1 for 2 weeks) affect the metabolic parameters of grass carp. The changes in the resting metabolic rate with increasing salinity could be explained by the relative changes in interlamellar cell mass and protruding lamellae. The maximum metabolic rate remained constant, suggesting that the salinity-induced changes in the gill surface had a minor effect on oxygen uptake capacity.