Variations in Andrographolide Content, Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves of Andrographis paniculata (L.) Nees Collected from Different Locations of Southern India

In present study, the samples collected from different locations of Southern India viz., Yellapur Beltargadde, Siddapur, Joida, Ankola, Sirsi Kangod, Yellapur Shalabail, Sirsi Bairumbe, Karwar of Karnataka and Kasaragod from Kerala were analyzed for the andrographolide content, total phenolic and flavonoid content and screened for their antioxidant potential. The A. paniculata leaves were extracted with three different solvents (chloroform, methanol and water) and methanolic extract of Siddapur showed highest (8.82 ± 0.25 mg/g DW) amount of phenolic content whereas, aqueous extract of Ankola (3.00 ± 1.18 mg/g DW) showed the least amount. Chloroform extract of Yellapur Beltargadde village showed highest quantity i.e. 1.87 ± 0.50 mg/g DW of flavonoid content and aqueous extract of Yellapur Beltargadde showed 0.30 ± 0.20 mg/g DW which was least among all the tested samples. The sample collected from Karwar was found to have highest andrographolide content (9.36 ± 0.02 mg/g DW) followed by Yellapur Beltargadde sample with 7.29 ± 0.01 mg/g DW and Sirsi Kasaragod has the lowest contents of 1.54 ± 0.1 mg/g DW when analyzed through HPLC. Among the nine locations, methanol extract from Joida showed highest percentage of scavenging activity (91.95%) followed by methanol extract of Ankola (90.42%) and chloroform extract of Siddapur (77.31%) which was the lowest value of all samples tested.