UV-Visible Spectroscopy: A Review on its Pharmaceutical and Bio-allied Sciences Applications

Abstract: Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful analytical tool with diverse applications in pharmaceutical and bio-allied sciences. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the extensive utility of UV-Vis spectroscopy, emphasizing its pivotal role in characterizing and analyzing various compounds critical for drug development and bio-allied research. In the pharmaceutical sector, UV-Vis spectroscopy is a fundamental technique for quantifying the concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in formulations. Its non-destructive nature and high sensitivity make it an indispensable tool for quality control, ensuring the consistency and potency of pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, this technique has been employed in the study of drug-receptor interactions to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects. In bio-allied applications, UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to analyze biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes. This technique allows for the study of protein conformational changes, DNA structure, and enzymatic activity, offering crucial insights into fundamental biological processes. Additionally, UV-Vis spectroscopy aids in determining biomarker concentrations, assisting in the early diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases. This article also explores recent advancements in UV-Vis spectroscopy, including the integration of nanomaterials and computational approaches to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, it discusses the potential of UV-Vis spectroscopy in emerging areas such as personalized medicine and point- of-care diagnostics. As technology continues to evolve, UV-Visible spectroscopy is poised to significantly contribute to the ever-expanding landscape of pharmaceutical and bio-related research.