Green decorated of gold nanoparticles over kaolin mediated by plant extract and investigation of its anti-bile duct cancer properties in the in vitro condition

In the current research, kaolin-decorated Au nanoparticles were produced by a green medication method by using Strawberry root's extract as a natural coating and reducing component for capping and stabilizing Au NPs over the kaolin. The Au NPs/kaolin material was thoroughly characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, EDX-elemental mapping, TEM, and ICP. Characterization data confirmed the well-supporting of Au NPs over the kaolin. TEM images displayed the spherical shaped gold nanoparticles averaging 20–40 nm in size over the kaolin surface. The cytotoxicity and anti-bile duct cancer properties of Au NPs/kaolin were investigated through the utilization of MTT assay on three bile duct cancer cell lines, namely OCUCHLM1, EGI1, and GBCSD. Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) combined with kaolin exhibited dose-dependent anti-bile duct cancer properties and significantly reduced cell viability in OCUCHLM1, EGI1, and GBCSD cell lines. Importantly, these effects were observed without causing any cytotoxicity in the normal cell line (HUVECs). The OCUCHLM1 cell line exhibited the most significant anti-bile duct cancer effects when treated with Au NPs/kaolin, surpassing the results observed in other cell lines. Upon the successful validation of the aforementioned findings in the clinical trial investigations, Au NPs/kaolin could potentially serve as an effective chemotherapeutic agent in combating bile duct cancer.