Nano-electrical conductivity guided optimization of pulsed laser deposited ZnO electron transporting layer for efficient perovskite solar cell

Abstract ZnO films are deposited on optically transparent electrodes (OTE) by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) and those are utilized as the electron transporting layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSC). PLD conditions are tuned to optimize the ZnO films in order to achieve an efficient device. Along nanostructure, nano-electrical conducting characteristics of the ETL films, which are measured by conducting atomic force microscopy (c-AFM), are found to be the guiding factor in determining the photovoltaic properties of the devices.