Formononetin alleviates ulcerative colitis via reshaping the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in a gut microbiota-dependent manner

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease, presents substantial challenges in clinical treatment due to the limitations of current medications. Formononetin (FN), a naturally compound with widespread availability, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties.