荧光
检出限
荧光团
生物相容性
螯合作用
钙
生物物理学
材料科学
原位
亚氨基二乙酸
组合化学
分析化学(期刊)
化学
色谱法
有机化学
冶金
物理
量子力学
生物
作者
Xiangyu Li,Chao Pan,Cao Jun,Zhenxing Liu,Zhirong Zhu,Chenxu Yan,Weijun Zhao,Weihong Zhu,Qi Wang
出处
期刊:Biomaterials
[Elsevier]
日期:2022-09-01
卷期号:289: 121778-121778
被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121778
摘要
Fluorescent probe is a first-line method for qualitative and quantitative detection of calcium ions (Ca2+) in organisms. However, the high affinity and aggregate-caused quenching (ACQ) characteristics of commercially available probes have restricted the detection limit to low concentrations from nM to μM, unavailable to detect higher Ca2+ concentrations from μM to mM in situ. Here, we develop a Ca2+ probe of TCM-4COOH with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity and desirable affinity, exhibiting a linear response to concentrated Ca2+ at mM level. The rapid binding between the TCM-4COOH and Ca2+ results in dramatic enhancement in fluorescence with high S/N ratio, and the nature that the chelates are not easy to diffuse from the cells endows the probe with long-term imaging ability in organisms. In the molecular design, the multiple iminodiacetic carboxyl groups ensure the good water solubility and pH biocompatibility of TCM-4COOH, resulting in negligible background fluorescence and high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Moreover, the relatively dispersed carboxyl groups and the electron-withdrawing effect of TCM building block jointly adjust the probe affinity to Ca2+, thereby broadening the upper detection limit. In addition, to obtain better cell membrane penetrability, TCM-4COOH was modified with acetoxymethyl ester, which unit can be cleaved by endogenous esterase to release TCM-4COOH, so as to detect intracellular calcium ions. Benefit from the reasonable design of fluorophore and chelating groups, the AIE-active sensor TCM-4COOH can achieve long-term in-situ retention in visualizing calcium-overloaded cells and bone microcracks, especially providing a unique platform to broaden the upper limit of Ca2+ detection in biological environments.
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