GMB: A Comprehensive Review of Material Composition, Structural Properties, and Ecological Impacts

The construction industry is facing increasing pressure to adopt sustainable and eco-friendly practices in response to the growing concerns over environmental degradation and climate change. Among the various innovative materials being explored, geopolymer mud blocks have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional construction materials such as cement and fired clay bricks. These blocks are characterized by their eco-friendly composition, which typically involves the use of industrial by-products like fly ash, metakaolin, and other aluminosilicate materials, activated through an alkaline solution. This process results in a material that not only exhibits superior structural integrity but also significantly reduces the carbon footprint associated with construction.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the material composition of geopolymer mud blocks, detailing the various raw materials used and the chemical reactions that confer strength and durability to the blocks. The review also delves into the structural properties of these blocks, including their compressive strength, thermal insulation capabilities, and resistance to environmental factors such as moisture and temperature fluctuations. Additionally, the paper explores the ecological impacts of geopolymer mud blocks, emphasizing their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize resource depletion, and promote the use of industrial waste, thus contributing to a more circular economy.Finally, the paper looks forward to the future prospects of geopolymer technology in the construction industry, suggesting potential pathways for overcoming the current limitations and further enhancing the sustainability of construction practices. By providing a holistic view of geopolymer mud blocks, this review aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable construction materials and to support the transition towards greener building practices on a global scale.