Electroacupuncture prevents the development or establishment of chronic pain via IL-33/ST2 signaling in hyperalgesic priming model rats

Chronic pain is a complex health issue. Compared to acute pain, which has a protective value, chronic pain is defined as persistent pain after tissue injury. Few clinical advances have been made to prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA), the most common form of acupuncture, is widely used in clinical practice to relieve pain. The hyperalgesic priming model, established via a carrageenan injection followed by a prostaglandin E2 injection, was used to investigate the development or establishment of chronic pain. We observed the hyperalgesic effect of EA on rats and investigated the expression p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, interleukin-33 (IL-33), and its receptor ST2 in astrocytes in the L4–L6 spinal cord dorsal horns (SDHs) after EA. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in SDH is associated with the development of chronic pain. EA can reverse the pain threshold in hyperalgesic priming model rats and regulates the expression of phosphorylated p38, IL-33, and ST2 in astrocytes in the L4–L6 SDHs. We discovered that EA raises the pain threshold. This suggests that EA can prevent the development or establishment of chronic pain by inhibiting IL-33/ST2 signaling in the lower central nervous system. EA can alleviate the development or establishment of chronic pain by modulating IL-33/ST2 signaling in SDHs. Our findings will help clinicians understand the mechanisms of EA analgesia.