Structural and functional analysis of engineered antibodies for cancer immunotherapy: insights into protein compactness and solvent accessibility

Antibodies are crucial tools in various biomedical applications, including immunotherapy. In this study, we focused on designing and engineering antibodies to enhance their structural dynamics and functional properties. By employing advanced computational techniques and experimental validation, we gained crucial insights into the impact of specific mutations on the engineered antibodies. This study investigates the design and engineering of antibodies to improve their structural dynamics and functional properties. Structural attributes, such as protein compactness and solvent accessibility, were assessed, revealing interesting trends in anti-CD3 and anti-HER2 antibodies. Mutations in CD3 antibodies resulted in a more stable conformation, while mutant HER2 antibodies exhibited altered interaction with the target. Analysis of secondary structure assignments demonstrated significant changes in the folding and stability of the mutant antibodies compared to the wild-type counterparts. The conformational landscape of the engineered antibodies was explored, providing insights into folding pathways and binding mechanisms. Overall, the current study highlights the significance of antibody design and engineering in modulating structural dynamics and functional properties. The findings contribute to developing improved immunotherapeutic strategies by optimising antibody-based therapeutics for targeted diseases with enhanced efficacy and precision.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.