Challenges in Autonomous Vehicle Testing and Validation
计算机科学
可靠性工程
工程类
作者
Philip Koopman,Michael Wagner
出处
期刊:SAE International journal of transportation safety [SAE International] 日期:2016-04-05卷期号:4 (1): 15-24被引量:505
标识
DOI:10.4271/2016-01-0128
摘要
Software testing is all too often simply a bug hunt rather than a wellconsidered exercise in ensuring quality. A more methodical approach than a simple cycle of system-level test-fail-patch-test will be required to deploy safe autonomous vehicles at scale. The ISO 26262 development V process sets up a framework that ties each type of testing to a corresponding design or requirement document, but presents challenges when adapted to deal with the sorts of novel testing problems that face autonomous vehicles. This paper identifies five major challenge areas in testing according to the V model for autonomous vehicles: driver out of the loop, complex requirements, non-deterministic algorithms, inductive learning algorithms, and failoperational systems. General solution approaches that seem promising across these different challenge areas include: phased deployment using successively relaxed operational scenarios, use of a monitor/actuator pair architecture to separate the most complex autonomy functions from simpler safety functions, and fault injection as a way to perform more efficient edge case testing. While significant challenges remain in safety-certifying the type of algorithms that provide high-level autonomy themselves, it seems within reach to instead architect the system and its accompanying design process to be able to employ existing software safety approaches.