Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Bronchus

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the bronchus is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm. A 29-year-old man presented with persisting cough and sputum over 1 month. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced chest CT showed a nodular lesion in the main bronchus of the left lower lobe and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum. Preoperative staging F-FDG PET/CT scan displayed a hypermetabolic lesion of the known nodule and mild FDG uptake of mediastinal lymph nodes. The histological examination confirmed bronchial leiomyosarcoma and reactive hyperplasia in lymph nodes.