Metal-organic frameworks template-directed growth of layered double hydroxides: A fantastic conversion of functional materials

Template derivatization of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is regarded as an effective strategy for preparing structurally functionalized materials, but frequently generated metal–carbon compounds dramatically rely on energy-consuming and uncontrollable thermal treatments. In the last decade, another emerging trend is to grow layered double hydroxides (LDHs) from chemically treated MOF precursors, realizing a transformation of one functional material to another. Noteworthy, the surface grown LDHs effectively enhance the stability, electrical conductivity and mass transfer capability of MOFs, while the latter as three-dimensional structure supports to overcome the undesired aggregation of traditional LDHs. Besides, by incomplete/complete conversion, core–shell or hollow structures can also be facilely obtained, which is another point that has been explored for their unique merits including large surface area, low density and elastic cavity for reaction. This work summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of MOF-derived LDHs, which provides an earlier overview for their conversion and application. In the review, three different synthetic strategies are systematically organized and categorized, with special emphasis on elucidating their respective mechanisms. Based on the analysis of the compositional and structural advantages obtained from the derivation, the paper inspects the various applications of the materials in the energy and environment fields. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for MOF-derived LDHs and propose a deeper understanding of MOF derivatives.