Profiles of physical frailty, social frailty, and cognitive impairment among older adults in rural areas of China: a latent profile analysis

老年学 逻辑回归 认知 医学 人口 中国 中国人 潜在类模型 人口学 单变量分析 横断面研究 多元分析 环境卫生 地理 精神科 统计 数学 考古 病理 社会学 内科学
作者
Qian Dong,Xiaolong Bu,Ting Wang,Man Liu,Feng Zhong,Cuiping Liu
出处
期刊:Frontiers in Public Health [Frontiers Media SA]
卷期号:12
标识
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1424791
摘要

Background As China rapidly ages, it has now become a deeply aging society with the largest number of older individuals in the world. The issue is particularly severe in rural areas. With the aging population growing and the older population expanding, health problems are becoming more prevalent among older individuals, particularly frailty and cognitive impairments. This study aimed to identify the profiles of physical frailty, social frailty, and cognitive impairment among older adults and explore the influencing factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from six villages in four cities in Shandong Province, China from July to October 2023 through cluster random sampling. Latent profile analysis was used to determine the profiles of physical frailty, social frailty, and cognitive impairment. Chi-square tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for univariate analysis, while binary logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors. Results Seven hundred and sixty-nine older adult care in rural areas showed two profiles: the “high cognitive function and low frailty” group (73.7%, n = 567) and the “low cognitive function and high frailty” group (26.3%, n = 202). A binary logistic regression found that older people were more likely to be aged 80 or older (OR = 2.253, p = 0.029), have a low income level (OR = 1.051, p = 0.007), have one or two (OR = 2.287, p = 0.004), or more than three chronic diseases (OR = 3.092, p = 0.002), and report moderate (OR = 3.406, p = 0.024) or poor health status (OR = 9.085, p < 0.001) in the “low cognitive function and high frailty” group. Meanwhile, older adults who have completed high school (OR = 0.428, p = 0.005) or junior college and above (OR = 0.208, p = 0.009), and engage in adequate physical activity (OR = 0.319, p < 0.001) were more likely to be in the “high cognitive function and low frailty” group. Conclusion In the future, medical professors should increasingly prioritize promptly identifying and intervening in cognitive decline and frailty status in older individuals without delay.
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