Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Tissue Repair

微泡 间充质干细胞 细胞生物学 干细胞 旁分泌信号 外体 再生医学 间充质干细胞的临床应用 生物 干细胞移植修复关节软骨 移植 细胞分化 癌症研究 小RNA 成体干细胞 免疫学 血管生成 医学 内科学 基因 受体 生物化学
作者
Guifang Zhao,Yiwen Ge,Chenyingnan Zhang,Leyi Zhang,Junjie Xu,Ling Qi,Wenliang Li
出处
期刊:Current Pharmaceutical Design [Bentham Science]
卷期号:26 (17): 2022-2037 被引量:29
标识
DOI:10.2174/1381612826666200420144805
摘要

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells with self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, which can differentiate into tissue-specific cells under physiological conditions, maintaining tissue self-renewal and physiological functions. They play a role in the pathological condition by lateral differentiation into tissue-specific cells, replacing damaged tissue cells by playing the role of a regenerative medicine , or repairing damaged tissues through angiogenesis, thereby, regulating immune responses, inflammatory responses, and inhibiting apoptosis. It has become an important seed cell for tissue repair and organ reconstruction, and cell therapy based on MSCs has been widely used clinically. The study found that the probability of stem cells migrating to the damaged area after transplantation or differentiating into damaged cells is very low, so the researchers believe the leading role of stem cell transplantation for tissue repair is paracrine secretion, secreting growth factors, cytokines or other components. Exosomes are biologically active small vesicles secreted by MSCs. Recent studies have shown that they can transfer functional proteins, RNA, microRNAs, and lncRNAs between cells, and greatly reduce the immune response. Under the premise of promoting proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, they play a repair role in tissue damage, which is caused by a variety of diseases. In this paper, the biological characteristics of exosomes (MSCs-exosomes) derived from mesenchymal stem cells, intercellular transport mechanisms, and their research progress in the field of stem cell therapy are reviewed.
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