Mechanisms of photoinduced toxicity of AgNPs to the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the presence of hematite nanoparticles: insights from transcriptomics, metabolomics and the photochemical index

AgNPs attachment to HemNPs have caused photoinduced cytotoxicity, elevating the AgNPs toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa by producing free radicals and improving photocatalytic activity under illumination.