癌症
癌症免疫疗法
免疫原性
肿瘤微环境
佐剂
免疫疗法
免疫系统
纳米技术
转移
纳米医学
催交
癌症疫苗
癌细胞
免疫监视
医学
癌症研究
免疫学
材料科学
内科学
系统工程
纳米颗粒
工程类
作者
Jing Wang,Si Si Liew,Jun Wang,Kanyi Pu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202103790
摘要
Abstract Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting tumor‐specific responses for the immune system to identify and eradicate malignant tumor cells while sparing the normal tissues. Furthermore, cancer vaccines can potentially induce long‐term immunological memory for antitumor responses, preventing metastasis and cancer recurrence, thus presenting an attractive treatment option in cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines has remained low due to longstanding challenges, such as poor immunogenicity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, inappropriate immune tolerance, and systemic toxicity. Recently, bioinspired materials and biomimetic technologies have emerged to play a part in reshaping the field of cancer nanomedicine. By mimicking desirable chemical and biological properties in nature, bioinspired engineering of cancer vaccine delivery platforms can effectively transport therapeutic cargos to tumor sites, amplify antigen and adjuvant bioactivities, and enable spatiotemporal control and on‐demand immunoactivation. As such, integration of biomimetic designs into delivery platforms for cancer vaccines can enhance efficacy while retaining good safety profiles, which contributes to expediting the clinical translation of cancer vaccines. Recent advances in bioinspired delivery platforms for cancer vaccines, existing obstacles faced, as well as insights and future directions for the field are discussed here.
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