Triptolide Reduces MDA‐MB‐231 Cell Metastasis by Attenuating Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition through the ROCK/PTEN/Akt Axis

Abstract Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and invasive subtype of breast cancer. The prognosis of TNBC is poor because of its high distant metastasis rate. Triptolide is a type of diterpene trioxide natural compound with potential anti‐tumor activities. This study explored the metastatic inhibitory effect of triptolide on MDA‐MB‐231 cells and its underlying mechanism. Triptolide suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Low doses of triptolide (0‐8 nM) reduced the migration and invasion capabilities of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Triptolide decreased ROCK1, p‐Akt, N‐cadherin, vimentin and MMP‐9 expressions, but increased PTEN and E‐cadherin expressions on protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the down‐regulation of ROCK1 expression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells after being treated by triptolide could be rescued by ROCK1 specific inhibitor Y27632. Molecular docking showed that triptolide and Y27632 shared the same active center of ROCK1 protein. This article‘s findings taken together showed that ROCK1 is the primary target of triptolide, which can cause cell apoptosis and inhibit the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of MDA‐MB‐231 cells.