A dimensional taxonomy of perceived characteristics of major life events.

心理学 心理信息 人格 控制源 社会心理学 价(化学) 五大性格特征 应用心理学 发展心理学 梅德林 物理 量子力学 政治学 法学
作者
Maike Luhmann,Ina Faßbender,Mark Alcock,Peter Haehner
出处
期刊:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology [American Psychological Association]
卷期号:121 (3): 633-668 被引量:118
标识
DOI:10.1037/pspp0000291
摘要

Major life events (MLEs) are studied in many different areas in psychology such as personality development, clinical psychology, or posttraumatic growth. In all of these areas, a common finding is that MLEs differ in their effects on psychological outcomes. However, a framework that allows a systematic examination of these differences is still absent. This article presents a systematic literature review and 4 empirical studies (Ns between 226 and 449, total N = 1,477) in which we developed and evaluated a dimensional taxonomy of 9 perceived characteristics of MLEs: valence, impact, predictability, challenge, emotional significance, change in worldviews, social status changes, external control, and extraordinariness. These event characteristics can be measured reliably with the Event Characteristics Questionnaire (ECQ). Perceived event characteristics predicted individual differences in changes in subjective well-being in both retrospective and longitudinal data after MLEs over and above established predictors of subjective well-being such as personality and demographic characteristics. A comparison between the ECQ and established taxonomies of situation characteristics such as the DIAMONDS (Rauthmann et al., 2014) showed high conceptual and empirical convergence between some ECQ subscales (e.g., valence, challenge) with characteristics of situations, whereas other ECQ subscales (e.g., social status changes, external control) were conceptually and empirically distinct from situation characteristics. In sum, including measures of perceived event characteristics in studies on MLEs may enhance our understanding of why MLEs differ in the direction, strength, and duration of their effects on psychological outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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