[Clinical and genetic analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency of six cases].

The clinical and molecular genetic data of 6 patients with genetically confirmed tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency(THD) diagnosed in Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from March 2017 to February 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The 6 patients were from 5 families. Among them, 5 patients had persistent or paroxysmal abnormal walking posture, 4 patients had dystonia of head and face, including spasm of perioral and oculopharyngeal muscles, hyperactivity, and binocular upvision, 4 patients showed obvious morning light and evening heavy phenomenon, 2 patients had postural tremor of limbs, 2 patients had psychomotor retardation from childhood, 1 patient only had limb and cervical muscle weakness, 1 patient had epileptic seizures. Of the 6 patients, only 1 was adult-onset, and the rest were child-onset. Four patients had good response to low-dose dopa preparation, 2 patients from the same family had poor response to dopamine treatment, requiring extremely low dose initiation and multi-frequency titration treatment. However, the long-term treatment effect was poor with obvious abnormalities. Gene testing of 5 families revealed 8 mutations in the TH gene, with c.698G>A (p.R233H) being the hot spot mutation site. The clinical manifestations of THD are complex. Besides paroxysmal or persistent dystonia, it can also be accompanied by eye movement crisis, muscle weakness, epilepsy, and delayed mental and motor development. Most patients respond well to low-dose dopamine preparations, but a small number of patients require titration treatment with extremely low-dose dopamine preparations, and the long-term effect is not satisfactory.回顾性收集山东大学齐鲁医院神经内科于2017年3月至2022年2月收治的6例经基因确诊的酪氨酸羟化酶缺陷（THD）患者的临床及分子遗传学资料并汇总分析。6例患者分别来自5个家系；其中有5例出现持久或发作性行走姿势异常，4例有头面部肌张力障碍，包括口周及眼咽部肌肉痉挛、多动及双眼上视；4例有明显的晨轻暮重现象；2例患者有肢体的姿位性震颤；2例患者有自幼精神运动发育迟滞；1例仅表现为肢体及颈项肌无力；1例患者伴有癫痫发作。6例患者中仅1例成年期起病，其余均为幼年起病；有4例患者对小剂量多巴制剂反应良好，同一家族中的2例患者多巴治疗反应差，需要极低剂量多巴起始、多频次滴定治疗，但长期治疗效果差，有明显异动现象。5个家系基因检测发现8处TH基因变异，c.698G>A（p.R233H）为热点突变位点。THD临床表现复杂多样，除发作性或持久性肌张力障碍外，还可伴有动眼危象、肌无力、癫痫及精神运动发育迟滞，大多数患者对低剂量多巴制剂反应良好，但少部分患者需极低剂量多巴制剂滴定治疗，且长期效果欠佳。.