Electrokinetic techniques, their enhancement techniques and composite techniques with other processes for persistent organic pollutants remediation in soil: A review

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil have caused widespread concern, which is necessary to develop efficient and green technologies. Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology, their enhancement techniques and composite techniques with other processes have shown broad application prospects in the field of soil POPs remediation. In this paper, the progress of EK remediation technology in the remediation of POPs in soil in recent years is reviewed. It can be seen that some technologies need to be further studied and evaluated, and it is inappropriate to simply compare them. The effect of field remediation is bound to be affected by field conditions, and the final data will be different from the laboratory data. Some emerging technologies, such as advanced oxidation technology and nanotechnology, demonstrated high POPs removal rates when coupled with EK remediation technology. This paper provides some insights into the future development of the technology and provides reference for the selection of technology in practical application.