Recent Progress on Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia Under Amibent Conditions

Ammonia is not only an important chemical for fertilizer and industrial chemical, but also an ideal carrier of clean energy.Current ammonia synthesis is mainly based on Haber-Bosch process that suffers from some problems such as high energy consumption, low conversion and large amount of greenhouse gas emission, so the solar ammonia synthesis from N 2 and H 2 O has recently attracted extensive attention.However, both conversion and Faradaic efficiency via the solar-based catalysis have been still retarded by poor surface catalysis process.Accordingly, development of efficient electrocatalysts for N 2 reduciton reaction (NRR) as well as their coupling with photoadsorbers is highly desirable.The recent research progress in the following areas is summarized in this review: i) main electrocatalysts for NRR, including thermal catalyst, transition metal catalyst, noble metal catalyst and non-noble metal catalyst, ii) typical strategies to improve the NRR performance and iii) other routes using different nitrogen sources such as NO 3 -and NO.Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives will be outlined.