A Critical Review of Thermal Boundary Conductance across Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductor Interfaces

The emergence of wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductors has revolutionized the advancement of next-generation power, radio frequency, and opto- electronics, paving the way for chargers, renewable energy inverters, 5G base stations, satellite communications, radars, and light-emitting diodes. However, the thermal boundary resistance at semiconductor interfaces accounts for a large portion of the near-junction thermal resistance, impeding heat dissipation and becoming a bottleneck in the devices' development. Over the past two decades, many new ultrahigh thermal conductivity materials have emerged as potential substrates, and numerous novel growth, integration, and characterization techniques have emerged to improve the TBC, holding great promise for efficient cooling. At the same time, numerous simulation methods have been developed to advance the understanding and prediction of TBC. Despite these advancements, the existing literature reports are widely dispersed, presenting varying TBC results even on the same heterostructure, and there is a large gap between experiments and simulations. Herein, we comprehensively review the various experimental and simulation works that reported TBCs of wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductor heterostructures, aiming to build a structure–property relationship between TBCs and interfacial nanostructures and to further boost the TBCs. The advantages and disadvantages of various experimental and theoretical methods are summarized. Future directions for experimental and theoretical research are proposed.