Noninvasive neurostimulation promotes working memory performance in older adults: a systematic review

神经刺激 物理医学与康复 神经科学 心理学 医学 刺激
作者
Xiaona Wang,Guochun Yang,Shuoqiu Gan
标识
DOI:10.4103/atn.atn-d-24-00003
摘要

Working memory is a core component of high-level cognitive functions. A key feature of cognitive decline in older adults is the impairment of working memory capacity, which is also observed in many clinical conditions. In recent years, noninvasive neurostimulation techniques have garnered extensive research attention for their potential to enhance human cognitive function, particularly in older adults. This review focuses on several advanced noninvasive neurostimulation techniques for working memory in older adults. A systematic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar literature databases was conducted, covering research papers published from 2013 to 2023. This review identified 19 articles on transcranial electrical stimulation, 6 on transcranial magnetic stimulation, and 2 on transcranial photobiomodulation techniques that met the inclusion criteria. These results suggest that transcranial electrical stimulation, especially transcranial alternating current stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, can improve working memory performance in healthy older adults. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training improves functional connectivity between relevant brain regions in addition to performance gains. Transcranial random noise stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial photobiomodulation also have the potential to improve working memory. Further research is needed to understand the neural mechanisms involved and optimize stimulation parameters. In addition, emerging techniques such as transcranial focused ultrasound may offer promising solutions for future studies on working memory enhancement in older adults.

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