Use of Geospatial Technique in Urban Flood Hazard Management

Natural disasters such as flooding affect cities and their residents in a variety of ways. They can destroy personal property and ruin lives, as well as damage the environment. Social and environmental factors may cause a worsening of these effects. As it is understood now, flooding is a significant urban problem in the world and India. Urban flood occurs due to the disparate rainfall distribution, uncontrolled urban expansion, and lack of suitable drainage systems, encroachments on storm drains, dwindling wetlands, and other factors. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to limit flood damage. Flood monitoring and management have increasingly been dependent on remote sensing technology that integrates GIS. Geographic information system technology is beneficial to flood control since it allows mapping flood risks in sensitive areas and defines flood zones. The field of remote sensing has progressed from optical to microwave, which provides flood mapping in all-weather circumstances. To create and maintain flood hazard maps, the most critical parameter is flood depth, and determining flood depth from remotely sensed or hydrological data depends on the accuracy of the digital elevation model. This research examines the remote sensing and GIS techniques, methodologies, and models for urban flood management in cities worldwide. By offering a scientific method of flood management, these strategies have helped city planners and policymakers keep hazards under control.