Low Impact Development Modeling: Literature Review and Suggestion for Future Work

Addressing water-associated challenges is critical for urban watershed management. Low Impact Development (LID) practices have been proposed as a promising urban management methodology based on water storage and infiltration. Previous studies considered LID practices as a promising strategy that can control urban stormwater runoff and pollution in the urban ecosystem. With limited stormwater management funding, mathematical models became vital tools to better understand and control hydrological processes in LID; thus, encouraging a wider application of LID practices. As well, they can be useful for implementation of LID in more efficient approaches. Several research groups have developed LID modeling tools such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN (SUSTAIN), and Western Washington Hydrologic Model (WWHM). EPA SWMM have used widely to simulate LID practices and SUSTAIN can analyze the cost-effectiveness regarding to LID. WWHM is developed for the long-term simulation of LID. These models can simulate the effect of LID applications on the hydrological cycle and water quality and have been widely used to evaluate the performance of LID in urban areas. In addition to analyzing the reduction effect by LID, these models can also generate optimal LID designs. However, these models still have limitation in terms of the soil water flow and water quality simulation by LID because they used simple equation for soil water flow and water quality simulation. Therefore, these model need to modify the model mechanism for enhancing the model. Key words: Low Impact Development, Urban, SWMM, SUSTAIN, WWHM