Aspergillus calidoustus case series and review of the literature

Abstract A spergillus calidoustus , previously classified as A spergillus ustus , is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised persons. We describe four recent cases of A . calidoustus and review 37 additional cases of A . calidoustus (n = 8) or A . ustus (n = 29) published through June 2016. Twenty (49%) cases occurred in patients with hematologic malignancy and/or receipt of hematopoietic cell transplantation, and 13 (32%) occurred in solid organ transplant recipients. Antifungal susceptibility was reported in 49% of cases and in 42% treatment failed. Overall mortality was 66% and, where reported, attributable mortality was 30%. A . calidoustus infection is associated with a high mortality rate and frequently displays in vitro antifungal resistance.