Factors affecting colonoscopy screening among first‐degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients: A mixed‐method systematic review

Abstract Background First‐degree relatives (FDRs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have a higher risk of developing CRC than the general population. Ensuring that these at‐risk populations receive colonoscopy screening is an effective strategy for reducing the increased risk, but the rates remain low. Colonoscopy screening behavior is influenced by factors at multiple levels. However, most previous reviews failed to review them and their interactions systematically. Aims To explore factors influencing FDRs' colonoscopy screening behavior according to the ecological model. Method A mixed‐method systematic review was performed in accordance with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using eight bibliographic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, and China Biology Medicine) for the period from January 1995 to February 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists were applied to assess studies qualities. A convergent integrated approach was used for data synthesis and integration. Results In total, 24 articles reporting on 23 studies were included. Only one study was rated low quality, and the other 22 studies were rated moderate to high quality. The findings revealed that certain factors and their interactions affected FDRs' colonoscopy screening behaviors according to the ecological model, including misconceptions about CRC and colonoscopy, concerns about the procedure, perceived susceptibility to developing CRC, health motivation, fear of CRC, fatalism, the recommendation from CRC patients, and recommendations from physicians, colonoscopy schedules, cancer taboo, health insurance and cost of colonoscopy. Link evidence to action Family communication‐centered multilevel interventions are recommended to promote colonoscopy screening behavior among FDRs of CRC patients.