Metal-free carbon-based anode for electrochemical degradation of tetracycline and metronidazole in wastewater

Degradation of antibiotics through electrocatalytic oxidation has recently been comprehended as a promising strategy in wastewater treatment. Herein, nitrogen and sulphur doped graphene oxide (N,S-rGO) nanosheets were synthesized and employed as metal-free anodic material for electrochemical degradation of antibiotics, viz. metronidazole (MNZ) and tetracycline (TC). The synthesized anodic material was characterized using various spectral techniques and further the electrochemical behaviour of N,S-rGO was thoroughly examined. Thereafter, the N,S-rGO material was then employed as the anode material towards the electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. Parameters such as initial concentration of the antibiotics and current densities were varied and their effect towards the degradation of MNZ and TC were probed. Notably, the N,S-rGO based anode has shown impressive removal efficiency of 99% and 98.5%, after 120 min of reaction time for MNZ and TC, respectively, under optimized conditions. The obtained results including the kinetic parameters, removal efficiency and electrical efficiency ensure that the prepared anodic material has huge prospective towards real-time application for removal of antibiotics from water.