MXene-based adsorbent materials for pollutants removal from water: Current challenges and future prospects

The acceleration of industrialization has led to a rapid and intensified rise in environmental pollution, necessitating the development of highly effective materials to combat hazardous pollutants. MXenes, emerging as transition metal nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides, possess attributes such as exceptional conductivity, hydrophilicity, structural stability, and adaptable surface chemistry. As a result, they stand as ideal contenders to purify water and clean environment. Notably, MXenes exhibit remarkable sorption capabilities and effective reduction performances when dealing with a diverse range of wastewater contaminants. To comprehensively comprehend the mechanisms of MXene-based nano sorbents and their efficacy in eliminating various pollutants from water, a complete understanding is essential. The elimination method using MXene-based nanomaterials is jointly affected by their inherent physicochemical characteristics and the distinct chemical features of various contaminants. Against this background, this review article offers a concise introduction to the production methods and characteristics of MXene-based nanomaterials. Subsequently, it delves into the chemical attributes, removal mechanisms, and interaction dynamics concerning dyes, heavy metal ions, and pharmaceuticals when interacting with MXene-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, this review underscores considerations like associated toxicity, potential secondary contamination, as well as the challenges and promising prospects that surround the application of MXene-containing nanomaterials for pollutant remediation. By encompassing these facets, the review aims to offer significant insights of the fabrication and versatile application of MXene nanomaterials for addressing water pollution concerns.