Sparkling Jewels of Innovation: Revolutionizing Environmental Solutions with Spinel-Infused Advanced Nanomaterials, Unveiling Today's Insights, and Illuminating Tomorrow's Frontiers

In-depth explorations into spinels have produced noteworthy findings in the realm of research, owing to remarkable advancements across various applications, including photocatalysis, dye degradation, sensors, and batteries. Presently, extensive research is centered on the photocatalytic capabilities of spinel. In the realm of wastewater decontamination, the efficacy of MFe2O4 spinel ferrites and their binary nanocomposites as cost-effective, stable, and biocompatible photocatalysts. Leveraging the exceptional magnetic properties of MFe2O4, facile catalyst separation is ensured. This review has prominence on enforcing spinel-based nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, and hydrogen generation. The chemical, physical, size, and shape-dependent properties are highlighted to improve the photocatalytic performance of the spinels. This article has comprehensively discussed the emphasis on different types of spinel-based materials with organic pollutants. These materials are critical in photocatalytic activity because of their expansive surface area, reusable nature, supreme charge transfer, and high magnetization properties. Different approaches used to form nano-spinels are thoroughly discussed based on their applications. Spinel materials are cost-effective and practical renewable energy materials that can easily replace the current commercial energy materials by improving their properties for various environmental aspects, specifically in green energy production.