小胶质细胞
突触修剪
神经科学
突触发生
神经发生
神经可塑性
神经炎症
突触可塑性
生物
心理学
炎症
免疫学
生物化学
受体
作者
Luba Sominsky,Simone N. De Luca,Sarah J. Spencer
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2017.11.012
摘要
Microglia are the primary innate immune cells in the CNS. Since their initial discovery and characterization, decades of research have revealed their unique roles not only in maintaining immune homeostasis, but also being indispensable to brain development and cognitive function. As such, microglia drive synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, neurogenesis and neuronal activity. Microglia-specific mutations are implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, and dysregulation of microglial function is strongly linked to several pathologies, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Importantly, developmental insults can lead to long-term changes in microglial function that may compromise the ability of the adult brain to fight infections and process cognitive information. Adult lifestyle or injury can also lastingly influence microglial morphology and function. Here we highlight key research on microglia’s role in neuronal plasticity across the lifespan.
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