Critical Behaviors of van Der Waals Itinerant Ferromagnet Fe3.8GaTe2

Abstract The critical behavior of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3.8 GaTe 2 was systematically studied through measurements of isothermal magnetization, with the magnetic field applied along the c -axis. Fe 3.8 GaTe 2 undergoes a non-continuous paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at the Curie temperature T c ∼ 355 K. A comprehensive analysis of isotherms around T c utilizing the modified Arrott diagram, the Kouvel–Fisher method, the Widom scaling law, and the critical isotherm analysis yielded the critical exponent of β = 0.411, γ = 1.246, and δ = 3.99. These critical exponents are found to be self-consistent and align well with the scaling equation at high magnetic fields, underscoring the reliability and intrinsic nature of these parameters. However, the low-field data deviates from the scaling relation, exhibiting a vertical trend when T < T c . This discrepancy suggests the occurrence of a first-order phase transition in the crystal under a low magnetic field when T < T c . Mössbauer spectra were employed to provide insights into the critical behaviors of magnetic moments at different sites, including (Fe1)A, (Fe1)B, and Fe2. The results are consistent with the isothermal magnetization analysis. Additionally, the renormalization group theory analysis reveals that the spin coupling within the Fe 3.8 GaTe 2 crystal follows the three-dimensional Heisenberg ({d:n} = {3:3}) type with long-range magnetic and exchange interaction decays with a distance as J ( r ) ≈ r −4.80 .