Solid Waste Separation and Processing

This chapter describes the methods and equipment utilized to segregate the various components of commingled solid waste streams into single constituents for materials recycling and energy recovery from the combustible fraction. It describes the problems from the depletion of primary material resources, the role and current level of waste materials recycling, and the prevailing concepts and processes in regard to waste processing. The scientific basis of solid waste separation techniques, as well as the similarities and differences between mineral processing and solid waste separation methods are also outlined. The chapter presents methods, equipment, and unit operations used in solid waste separation, such as: size reduction, classification, sorting (manual, sensor-based, robot), separation methods (gravity, magnetic, eddy current, electrostatic, ballistic, flotation), cubing-pelletizing, and baling. Finally, the chapter explores the environmental, economic and social benefits of recycling as well as to its prospects.