Effect of rapamycin on Cryptococcus neoformans: cellular organization, biophysics and virulence factors

Background:Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes infections mainly in immunosuppressed individuals, such as transplant recipients. Aims: This study investigated the effects of rapamycin, an immunosuppressant drug, on the cellular organization, biophysical characteristics, and main virulence factors of C. neoformans. Methods: Morphological, structural, physicochemical and biophysical analyses of cells and secreted polysaccharides of the reference H99 C. neoformans strain were investigated under the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of rapamycin. Results: Rapamycin at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5 μM reduced C. neoformans cell viability by 53%, decreased capsule, increased cell size, chitin and lipid body formation, and changed peptidase and urease activity. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to assess how rapamycin affects the virulence factors and pathogenicity of C. neoformans.Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by a type of fungus called Cryptococcus. Among the Cryptococcus group, Cryptococcus neoformans is often linked to fungal infections in people who have a weak immune system (known as being immunosuppressed). The main aim of this work was to look at the effect of an immunosuppressant called rapamycin, which is commonly used to prevent organ transplant rejection, on the ability of C. neoformans to cause infection. The results showed that this drug stopped the growth of the fungus, dampening its ability to cause disease.