2nd European Headache and Migraine Trust International Congress-EHMTIC

Background Lead (Pb), due to its numerous industrial applications has caused widespread pollution of the environment.One principle target for lead in the human body is the central nervous system (CNS).Research has shown however that the toxic effects of lead can be moderated by antioxidant agents such as vitamin C. Objective To investigate the protective effects of vitamin C supplementation against lead induced apoptosis in the adult male rat hippocampus.Design, time and setting Animal experiment, including light and electron microscopic staining and western blot analysis, was performed in the College of Medicine, Iran University between December 2007 and April 2009.Materials Lead (Pb) was used for toxication and Vit C was use as an antioxidant drug and Bax and Bcl-2 were used as primary antibodies.Methods Animals were divided into three groups; control, Lead treated, Lead + Vit C-treated group) rats.They treated for 7 days.Main outcome measure At the end of treatment, blood Lead level was measured.Neuronal death was determined using light and electron microscopic staining and western blot analysis Results Lead + Vit C treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis compared to Lead treated rats.There were decrease of Bax expression in the hippocampus of Lead + Vit C group compared to Lead group in western blotting.Changes in blood Lead level was not significant in three groups. ConclusionThe results suggest that supplementing essential nutrient vitamin C may prevent lead-induced apoptosis.15 Suboccipital neurostimulation in chronic headache: a prospective, randomized with cross over study