内质网相关蛋白降解
内质网
生物
细胞生物学
泛素连接酶
蛋白酶体
泛素
胞浆
AAA蛋白
蛋白质降解
蛋白质折叠
ATP酶
未折叠蛋白反应
生物化学
酶
基因
作者
Xudong Wu,Tom A. Rapoport
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.004
摘要
Misfolded proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are discarded by a conserved process, called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). ERAD substrates are retro-translocated into the cytosol, polyubiquitinated, extracted from the ER membrane, and ultimately degraded by the proteasome. Recent in vitro experiments with purified components have given insight into the mechanism of ERAD. ERAD substrates with misfolded luminal or intramembrane domains are moved across the ER membrane through a channel formed by the multispanning ubiquitin ligase Hrd1. Following polyubiquitination, substrates are extracted from the membrane by the Cdc48/p97 ATPase complex and transferred to the proteasome. We discuss the molecular mechanism of these processes and point out remaining open questions.
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